[2026] Valid CWAP-405 test answers & CWNP CWAP-405 exam pdf
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NEW QUESTION # 40
Which one of the following should be the first step when troubleshooting a WLAN issue?
- A. Identify capture locations
- B. Perform an initial WLAN scan and see if any obvious issues stand out
- C. Define the problem
- D. Identify probable causes
Answer: C
Explanation:
Troubleshooting must begin by clearly defining the problem to ensure that the issue is accurately understood, including scope, symptoms, affected users, and impact. Without properly defining the problem, subsequent steps such as scanning, hypothesizing causes, or selecting capture locations may be misdirected and inefficient. A precise problem definition establishes the foundation for an effective and structured troubleshooting process.
NEW QUESTION # 41
According to the 802.11n-2009 amendment, what security requirement is specified for HT BSSs?
- A. In an RSN, HT stations may not communicate with one another using TKIP.
- B. All unicast traffic transmitted by an HT station and destined to an HT station must use AES- CCMP.
- C. HT BSSs are prevented from supporting WEP.
- D. TKIP cannot be supported in an HT BSS.
- E. HT BSSs must mandatorily support 802.11r FT.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 42
Where would you look in a packet trace file to identify the configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS?
- A. In the MBR Information Element in an Association Response frame
- B. In the Minimum Basic Rate Element in a Beacon frame
- C. In the MBR Action frame
- D. Supported Rates & Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame
Answer: D
Explanation:
The configured Minimum Basic Rate (MBR) of a BSS can be identified by looking at the Supported Rates and Extended Supported Rates elements in a Beacon frame. A Beacon frame is a type of management frame that is transmitted by an AP to advertise its presence and capabilities to potential clients. A Beacon frame contains various information elements (IEs) that provide details about the BSS configuration and operation.
The Supported Rates and Extended Supported Rates IEs list the data rates that are supported by the AP for data transmission. The MBR is the lowest data rate among these supported rates that is required for all clients to join and communicate with the BSS. The MBR is usually marked with a flag bit in these IEs to indicate its mandatory status. The other options are not correct, as they do not exist or do not indicate the MBR of a BSS. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 123-124
NEW QUESTION # 43
ABC International has installed a new smart ZigBee controlled lighting system. However, the network team is concerned that this new system will interfere with the existing WLAN and has asked you to investigate the impact of the two systems operating simultaneously in the 2.4 GHz band. When performing Spectrum Analysis, which question could you answer by looking at the FFT plot?
- A. Is the WLAN corrupting ZigBee system messages?
- B. Is the ZigBee system causing an increase in WLAN retries?
- C. Do the ZigBee channels used by the lighting system overlap with the WLAN channels?
- D. Is the ZigBee system using more than 50% of the available airtime?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The FFT plot displays RF energy across frequency over time, allowing you to see exactly where transmissions occur within the 2.4 GHz band. By observing the frequency ranges occupied by ZigBee signals and comparing them to the WLAN channel frequencies, you can determine whether their channels overlap. The FFT plot does not provide airtime utilization metrics, retry statistics, or protocol-level corruption details.
NEW QUESTION # 44
You have captured 802.11 traffic using an adapter that includes the radio tap header. You see several frames often called announcement frames in the capture.
What best describes these types of frames?
- A. They are used to allow a STA to awake from sleep and for no other reason
- B. They are meant to provide information to the network that may result in state changes, but they are not open for rejection
- C. They only include beacon and probe request frames
- D. They only include beacon and probe response frames
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 45
The network administrator at ABC Engineering has taken a large packet capture from one of their APs running in monitor mode. She has very little knowledge of 802.11 protocols but would like to use the capture file to evaluate the overall health and performance of their wireless network. When she asks your advice, which tool do you recommend she opens the packet capture file with?
- A. Capture visualization tool
- B. WLAN scanner
- C. Python
- D. Spectrum analyzer
Answer: A
Explanation:
A capture visualization tool is a software application that can open a packet capture file and display various graphs, charts, tables, and statistics that illustrate the characteristics and behavior of the wireless network. A capture visualization tool can help a network administrator with little knowledge of 802.11 protocols to evaluate the overall health and performance of their wireless network by providing a visual and intuitive representation of the captured data. A spectrum analyzer is a hardware device that measures the radio frequency signals in a given frequency range and displays their amplitude, frequency, and modulation. A spectrum analyzer can help identify sources of interference and noise in the wireless environment, but it cannot open a packet capture file. Python is a programming language that can be used to write scripts or applications that manipulate or analyze packet capture files, but it requires coding skills and knowledge of
802.11 protocols. A WLAN scanner is a software application that scans for available wireless networks and displays information such as SSID, BSSID, channel, signal strength, security type, and vendor. A WLAN scanner can help discover wireless networks and their basic parameters, but it cannot open a packet capture file345 References:
* CWAP-405Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 63
* CWAP-405Objectives, Section 2.5: Use capture visualization tools
* CWAP-405Study Guide, Chapter 4: Spectrum Analysis and Troubleshooting, page 117
* CWAP-405Objectives, Section 4.1: Use spectrum analysis tools
* CWAP-405Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 33
* CWAP-405Objectives, Section 2.2: Analyze field values
NEW QUESTION # 46
When a 5 GHz HT station in a 40 MHz BSS desires to protect a 40 MHz transmission from an OFDM station using an RTS/CTS or CTS-to-Self exchange, what frame format is used for the RTS and/or CTS frames?
- A. HT-greenfield format
- B. HT-mixed format
- C. Dual-CTS
- D. Non-HT Duplicate
- E. Phased Coexistence PPDU
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 47
What is the function of the PHY Preamble?
- A. To set the modulation method for the MPDU
- B. Allows the receiver to detect and synchronize with the signal
- C. Carries the NDP used in Transmit Beamforming and MU-MIMO
- D. To terminate a conversation between transmitter and receiver
Answer: B
Explanation:
The PHY preamble enables receivers to detect the presence of an incoming transmission and synchronize to it in time and frequency. It provides the necessary information for signal detection, automatic gain control adjustment, timing alignment, and channel estimation so that the receiver can correctly decode the remainder of the frame.
NEW QUESTION # 48
A manufacturing facility has installed a new automation system which incorporates an 802.11 wireless network. The automation system is controlled from tablet computers connected via the WLAN. However, the automation system has not gone live due to problem with the tablets connecting to the WLAN. The WLAN vendor has been onsite to perform a survey and confirmed good primary and secondary coverage across the facility. As a CWAP you are called in to perform Spectrum Analysis to identify any interference sources. From the spectrum analysis, you did not identify any interference sources but were able to correctly identify the issue. Which of the following issues did you identify from the spectrum analysis?
- A. There is a power mismatch between the APs and the clients
- B. The tablets are connecting to the wrong SSID
- C. A high noise floor has resulted in a SNR of less than 20dB
- D. The tablets are entering power save mode and failing to wake up to receive the access points transmissions
Answer: C
Explanation:
Spectrum analysis can reveal elevated RF energy across the band even when no distinct interference signatures are present. A persistently high noise floor reduces the signal-to-noise ratio, and if the SNR drops below a usable threshold, clients may fail to reliably detect and decode frames needed to connect and maintain service, despite a survey showing adequate coverage levels.
NEW QUESTION # 49
What does the value of the Listen Interval field in an Association Request frame indicate?
- A. How long a STA performing active scanning will listen for Probe Responses before changing channels
- B. How often a STA in power save mode wakes up to listen to Beacon frames
- C. How long a STA waits for an Ack before retransmitting the frame
- D. How often a STA will go off channel to look for other BSSs
Answer: B
Explanation:
The value of the Listen Interval field in an Association Request frame indicates how often a STA in power save mode wakes up to listen to Beacon frames. The Listen Interval is expressed in units of Beacon Intervals (typically 100 TU or 102.4 ms). For example, if the Listen Interval is set to 10, it means that the STA will wake up every 10 Beacon Intervals (or about 1 second) to check for buffered frames at the AP. The Listen Interval is used by the AP to determine how long it can hold frames for a STA in power save mode before discarding them . References: CWAP-405Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 197; CWAP-405Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 6: MAC Sublayer Frame Exchanges, page 198.
NEW QUESTION # 50
You are considering disabling the data rates of 1, 2, 5.5 and 11 in the 2.4 GHz band.
What advantage might this provide to the networks operating in this band?
- A. The RF signals will not travel as far
- B. The range of the PHY preamble and header will be reduced
- C. Frames that must be transmitted at the lowest common data rate can be transmitted at higher data rates after the change
- D. The antennas will be able to zero in on the higher data rates better
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 51
Which value does not change per EDCA Access Category?
- A. AIFSN
- B. CWmin
- C. Slot Time
- D. CWmax
Answer: C
Explanation:
Slot Time is a PHY-layer parameter that remains constant across all EDCA Access Categories. In contrast, AIFSN, CWmin, and CWmax are EDCA parameters that vary per access category to provide different priority levels for traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 52
An A-MPDU must be acknowledged by what type of frame?
- A. PPDU Ack
- B. Ack
- C. Block Ack
- D. Either an Ack or Block Ack
Answer: C
Explanation:
A-MPDUs (Aggregated MAC Protocol Data Units) are acknowledged using a Block Acknowledgment (Block Ack) frame, which can acknowledge multiple MPDUs in a single frame.
This improves efficiency compared to sending individual ACKs for each MPDU.
NEW QUESTION # 53
Which piece of information must be transmitted in a Reassociation Request frame for a PMK Caching roam to be successful?
- A. PMK
- B. PMKID
- C. PTK
- D. PTKID
Answer: B
Explanation:
For a PMK Caching roam, the client includes the PMK Identifier (PMKID) in the Reassociation Request. This allows the new AP to quickly identify the pre-shared Pairwise Master Key (PMK) without performing a full 802.1X authentication, enabling a fast and seamless roam.
NEW QUESTION # 54
When using a commercial WLAN protocol analyzer, you notice that it is listing vendor names for some APs and client STAs.
What is the source of this information?
- A. DNS name resolution
- B. Banner grabbing
- C. Broadcast name resolution
- D. Vendor OUI values
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 55
The ABC organization has recently installed an 802.11ac wave 2 network. They have seen no improvement in the WLAN performance. The network administrator has noticed that his Wi-Fi client is not using 802.11ac data rates and has asked you to troubleshoot the issue. After examining the Beacon frames from the APs, you are able to explain the problem. Which part of the beacon frame allowed you to troubleshoot this problem?
- A. The SSID element is hidden, so client stations are unable to correctly identify the supported data rates.
- B. The Supported Data Rates element indicates clients only support lower data rates.
- C. The RSN element in the beacon frame indicates that TKIP is the cipher suite used on this network.
- D. The Country Code element indicates that only OFDM data rates are available in this region.
Answer: C
Explanation:
802.11ac requires the use of AES-CCMP for encryption. If the RSN element shows TKIP, clients will not use 802.11ac rates because TKIP is incompatible with the high-throughput PHY features, explaining why no performance improvement is observed.
NEW QUESTION # 56
What should the To DS and From DS flags be to set to in an Association Response frame?
- A. To DS = 0, From DS = 0
- B. To DS = 1, From DS = 0
- C. To DS = 1, From DS = 1
- D. To DS = 0, From DS = 1
Answer: A
Explanation:
Association Response frames are management frames exchanged directly between the AP and the client within the same Basic Service Set and are not being forwarded to or from the distribution system. Therefore, both the To DS and From DS flags are set to 0.
NEW QUESTION # 57
When configuring a long-term, forensic packet capture and saving all packets to disk which of the following is not a consideration?
- A. Real-time packet decodes
- B. Total capture storage space
- C. Analyzer location
- D. Individual trace file size
Answer: A
Explanation:
In long-term forensic captures, the priority is reliably capturing and storing all packets without loss. Considerations such as total storage capacity, file size management, and analyzer placement directly affect data retention and capture integrity. Real-time packet decoding is not required because analysis can be performed later on the saved data, making it unnecessary during continuous forensic collection.
NEW QUESTION # 58
When a data frame is encrypted with WPA2, to which portion of the frame is the encryption applied?
- A. Frame body and MAC Header
- B. The whole MPDU
- C. Frame body including the LLCPDU
- D. Frame body excluding the LLCPD U
Answer: C
Explanation:
When a data frame is encrypted with WPA2, the encryption is applied to the frame body including the LLCPDU. The LLCPDU (Logical Link Control Protocol Data Unit) is a part of the frame body that contains information such as protocol type, source and destination service access points (SAPs), and control fields. The LLCPDU is added by the LLC (Logical Link Control) sublayer to provide multiplexing and flow control functions for different upper layer protocols. When a data frame is encrypted with WPA2, which uses AES- CCMP as its encryption algorithm, both the payload and the LLCPDU are encrypted as a single unit. The MAC header and FCS are not encrypted, as they are needed for addressing and error detection purposes. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 115-116
NEW QUESTION # 59
You are troubleshooting problems with DHCP in relation to lightweight APs. They vendor class identifier (VCI) is not specified in the DHCP server. When you contact vendor support, they inform you that it is not necessary.
When is this information true?
- A. When only one AP exists on the subnet
- B. When only one client option 60 value is required
- C. When the DHCP server is directly connected to the subnet
- D. When only one client option 43 value is required
Answer: D
Explanation:
The DHCP server should be configured to provide the IP address information to the APs, but it may also be required to pass information for option 43. Option 43 is a vendor information option and can be used for any vendor purpose. The vendor class identifier (VCI) (for example, "Cisco AP c3600") is used with option 60 to determine the appropriate information to return with option 43.
NEW QUESTION # 60
You are troubleshooting an intermittent problem with some WLAN VoIP phones resulting in dropped calls. You configure your capture on a fixed channel matching the current operating channel of a test phone. So far, you have been unsuccessful in capturing the problem because the VoIP phone always roams to another AP before the problem occurs. What would be the best setup for your packet capture to make sure you capture the problem?
- A. Use multiple capture adaptors and the channel aggregator feature of a protocol analyzer to capture on all AP channels in the client's area.
- B. Configure the capture adaptor to scan all channels used in the environment.
- C. Determine which channel the phone is likely to roam to next and capture on that channel.
- D. Configure all APs in monitor mode and have the packets streamed back to your analyzer.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Since the VoIP phone roams across APs and channels, a single-channel capture risks missing the problem. Using multiple adapters with channel aggregation ensures simultaneous monitoring of all relevant channels, guaranteeing that the roaming event and dropped call behavior are fully captured for analysis.
NEW QUESTION # 61
Prior to a retransmission what happens to the CWmax value?
- A. Reset to 0
- B. Set to the value of the AIFSN
- C. Increases by 1
- D. Doubles and increases by 1
Answer: D
Explanation:
Before a retransmission, the CWmax (Contention Window maximum) value doubles and increases by 1. The CWmax is a parameter that determines the upper limit of the random backoff time that a STA (station) has to wait before attempting to access the medium. The random backoff time is chosen from a range of values between CWmin (Contention Window minimum) and CWmax. The CWmin and CWmax values depend on the AC (Access Category) of the traffic and the PHY type of the STA. If a transmission fails due to a collision or an error, the STA has to retransmit the frame after waiting for another random backoff time. However, to reduce the probability of another collision, the STA increases its CWmax value by doubling it and adding 1.
This increases the range of possible backoff values and spreads out the STAs more evenly. The STA resets its CWmax value to its original value after a successful transmission or after reaching a predefined limit. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 7: QoS Analysis, page
196-197
NEW QUESTION # 62
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