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Infrastructure Services
In the framework of this domain that covers 25% of the whole content, the learners are required to demonstrate their competence in the following:
- Using Cisco DNA Center to troubleshoot the network issues.
- Using logging to troubleshoot the specified network problems;
- Troubleshooting NetFlow, which includes the v5, v9, and flexible NetFlow;
- Troubleshooting network performance problems with the usage of IP SLA, including connectivity, tracking objects, jitter, and delay;
- Troubleshooting device management, such as Telnet, SSH, HTTP, HTTPS, SCP, and (T)FTP;
- Troubleshooting IPv6 & IPv4 DHCP (IOS DHCP server, DHCP options, DHCP client, and DHCP server);
- Troubleshooting SNMP (v2c & v3);
NEW QUESTION 69
A network engineer is investigating a flapping (up/down) interface issue on a core switch that is synchronized to an NTP server. Log output does not show the time of the flap. Which command allows on the switch the time of the flap according to the clock on the device?
- A. clock summer-time mst recurring 2 Sunday mar 2:00 1 sunday nov 2:00
- B. service timtstamps log datetime localtime show-timezone
- C. clock calendar-valid
- D. service timestamps log uptime
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 70
Drag and drop the OSPF adjacency states from the left onto the correct descriptions on the right.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation
Down
This is the first OSPF neighbor state. It means that no information (hellos) has been received from this neighbor, but hello packets can still be sent to the neighbor in this state.
During the fully adjacent neighbor state, if a router doesn't receive hello packet from a neighbor within the Router Dead Interval time (RouterDeadInterval = 4*HelloInterval by default) or if the manually configured neighbor is being removed from the configuration, then the neighbor state changes from Full to Down.
Attempt
This state is only valid for manually configured neighbors in an NBMA environment. In Attempt state, the router sends unicast hello packets every poll interval to the neighbor, from which hellos have not been received within the dead interval.
Init
This state specifies that the router has received a hello packet from its neighbor, but the receiving router's ID was not included in the hello packet. When a router receives a hello packet from a neighbor, it should list the sender's router ID in its hello packet as an acknowledgment that it received a valid hello packet.
2-Way
This state designates that bi-directional communication has been established between two routers.
Bi-directional means that each router has seen the other's hello packet. This state is attained when the router receiving the hello packet sees its own Router ID within the received hello packet's neighbor field. At this state, a router decides whether to become adjacent with this neighbor. On broadcast media and non-broadcast multiaccess networks, a router becomes full only with the designated router (DR) and the backup designated router (BDR); it stays in the 2-way state with all other neighbors. On Point-to-point and Point-to-multipoint networks, a router becomes full with all connected routers.
At the end of this stage, the DR and BDR for broadcast and non-broadcast multiacess networks are elected.
For more information on the DR election process, refer to DR Election.
Note: Receiving a Database Descriptor (DBD) packet from a neighbor in the init state will also a cause a transition to 2-way state.
Exstart
Once the DR and BDR are elected, the actual process of exchanging link state information can start between the routers and their DR and BDR. (ie. Shared or NBMA networks).
In this state, the routers and their DR and BDR establish a master-slave relationship and choose the initial sequence number for adjacency formation. The router with the higher router ID becomes the master and starts the exchange, and as such, is the only router that can increment the sequence number. Note that one would logically conclude that the DR/BDR with the highest router ID will become the master during this process of master-slave relation. Remember that the DR/BDR election might be purely by virtue of a higher priority configured on the router instead of highest router ID. Thus, it is possible that a DR plays the role of slave. And also note that master/slave election is on a per-neighbor basis.
Exchange
In the exchange state, OSPF routers exchange database descriptor (DBD) packets. Database descriptors contain link-state advertisement (LSA) headers only and describe the contents of the entire link-state database.
Each DBD packet has a sequence number which can be incremented only by master which is explicitly acknowledged by slave. Routers also send link-state request packets and link-state update packets (which contain the entire LSA) in this state. The contents of the DBD received are compared to the information contained in the routers link-state database to check if new or more current link-state information is available with the neighbor.
Loading
In this state, the actual exchange of link state information occurs. Based on the information provided by the DBDs, routers send link-state request packets. The neighbor then provides the requested link-state information in link-state update packets. During the adjacency, if a router receives an outdated or missing LSA, it requests that LSA by sending a link-state request packet. All link-state update packets are acknowledged.
Full
In this state, routers are fully adjacent with each other. All the router and network LSAs are exchanged and the routers' databases are fully synchronized.
Full is the normal state for an OSPF router. If a router is stuck in another state, it is an indication that there are problems in forming adjacencies. The only exception to this is the 2-way state, which is normal in a broadcast network. Routers achieve the FULL state with their DR and BDR in NBMA/broadcast media and FULL state with every neighbor in the remaining media such as point-to-point and point-to-multipoint.
Note: The DR and BDR that achieve FULL state with every router on the segment will display FULL/DROTHER when you enter the show ip ospf neighbor command on either a DR or BDR. This simply means that the neighbor is not a DR or BDR, but since the router on which the command was entered is either a DR or BDR, this shows the neighbor as FULL/DROTHER.
NEW QUESTION 71
Refer to the exhibit.
After applying IPsec, the engineer observed that the DMVPN tunnel went down, and both spoke-to-spoke and hub were not establishing.
Which two actions resolved the issue? (Choose two.)
- A. Configure the crypto isakmp key cisco address 192.1.1.1 on R2 and R3.
- B. Change the mode from mode transport to mode tunnel on R2.
- C. Remove the crypto isakmp key cisco address 10.1.1.1. on R2 and R3.
- D. Configure the mode from mode tunnel to mode transport on R3.
- E. Configure the crypto isakmp key cisco address 0.0.0.0 on R2 and R3.
Answer: D,E
NEW QUESTION 72 
Refer to the exhibit. After redistribution is enabled between the routing protocols; PC2, PC3, and PC4 cannot reach PC1. Which action can the engineer take to solve the issue so that all the PCs are reachable?
- A. Filter the prefix 10.1.1.0/24 when redistributed from OSPF to EIGRP.
- B. Filter the prefix 10.1.1.0/24 when redistributed from RIP to EIGRP.
- C. Set the administrative distance 100 under the RIP process on R2.
- D. Redistribute the directly connected interfaces on R2.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Section: Layer 3 Technologies
NEW QUESTION 73
Refer to the exhibit.
Which two actions should be taken to access the server? (Choose two.)
- A. Modify the access list to add a second line of permit ip any
- B. Add a sequence 20 in the route map to permit access list 1.
- C. Add a floating static route to reach to 192.168.2.2 with administrative distance higher than OSPF
- D. Modify the access list to deny the route to 192.168.2.2.
- E. Modify distribute list seq 10 to permit the route to 192.168.2.2.
Answer: C,D
NEW QUESTION 74
Refer to the exhibit.
An engineer is monitoring reachability of the configured default routes to ISP1 and ISP2. The default route from ISP1 is preferred if available. How is this issue resolved?
- A. Use the icmp-echo command to track both default routes
- B. Start IP SLA by matching numbers for track and ip sla commands
- C. Start IP SLA by defining frequency and scheduling it
- D. Use the same AD for both default routes
Answer: C
Explanation:
Reference:
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/ip-routing/200785-ISP-Failover-with-default-routes-using-I.html
NEW QUESTION 75 
Refer to the exhibit. During troubleshooting it was discovered that the device is not reachable using a secure web browser.
What is needed to fix the problem?
- A. permit tcp port 443
- B. permit udp port 465
- C. permit tcp port 22
- D. permit tcp port 465
Answer: A
Explanation:
Section: Infrastructure Security
NEW QUESTION 76
Refer to the exhibit.
R2 is a route reflector, and R1 and R3 are route reflector clients. The route reflector learns the route to 172.16.25.0/24 from R1, but it does not advertise to R3. What is the reason the route is not advertised?
- A. R2 does not have a route to the next hop, so R2 does not advertise the prefix to other clients.
- B. In route reflector setup, only classful prefixes are advertised to other clients.
- C. In route reflector setups, prefixes are not advertised from one client to another.
- D. Route reflector setup requires full IBGP mesh between the routers.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 77
Drag and drop the MPLS VPN concepts from the left onto the correct descriptions on the right.
Answer:
Explanation:
Reference:
https://www.rogerperkin.co.uk/featured/route-distinguisher-vs-route-target/
NEW QUESTION 78 
Refer to the exhibit. An engineer receives this error message when trying to access another router in-band from the serial interface connected to the console of R1.
Which configuration is needed on R1 to resolve this issue?
- A. R1(config)#line console 0
R1(config-line)# transport output ssh - B. R1(config)#line console 0
R1(config-line)# transport preferred ssh - C. R1(config)#line vty 0
R1(config-line)# transport output ssh
R1(config-line)# transport preferred ssh - D. R1(config)#line vty 0
R1(config-line)# transport output ssh
Answer: C
Explanation:
Section: Mixed Questions
NEW QUESTION 79
Refer to the exhibit.
What is the result if applying this configuration?
- A. The router can form BGP neighborships with any device that matched by the access list named ''BGP''
- B. The router cannot form BGP neighborships with any device that is matched by the access list named
''BGP'' - C. The router can form BGP neighborships with any other device.
- D. The router cannot form BGP neighborships with any other device
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 80
Refer to the exhibit.
Network operations cannot read or write any configuration on the device with this configuration from the operations subnet. Which two configurations fix the issue? (Choose two.)
- A. Configure SNMP rw permission in addition to version 1.
- B. Modify access list 1 and allow SNMP in the access list.
- C. Modify access list 1 and allow operations subnet in the access list.
- D. Configure SNMP rw permission in addition to community ciscotest.
- E. Configure SNMP rw permission in addition to community ciscotest 1.
Answer: C,D
NEW QUESTION 81
Refer to the exhibit.
A company is evaluating multiple network management system tools. Trending graphs generated by SNMP data are returned by the NMS and appear to have multiple gaps. While troubleshooting the issue, an engineer noticed the relevant output. What solves the gaps in the graphs?
- A. Remove the class map NMS from being part of control plane policing.
- B. Configure the CIR rate to a lower value that accommodates all the NMS tools
- C. Remove the exceed-rate command in the class map.
- D. Separate the NMS class map in multiple class maps based on the specific protocols with appropriate CoPP actions
Answer: D
Explanation:
Reference:
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/resources/copp_best_practices
NEW QUESTION 82
Which label operations are performed by a label edge router?
- A. SWAP and PUSH
- B. PUSH and POP
- C. PUSH and PHP
- D. SWAP and POP
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
A label edge router (LER, also known as edge LSR) is a router that operates at the edge of an MPLS network and acts as the entry and exit points for the network. LERs push an MPLS label onto an incoming packet and pop it off an outgoing packet.
NEW QUESTION 83
Which configuration feature should be used to block rogue router advertisements instead of using the IPv6 Router Advertisement Guard feature?
- A. VACL blocking broadcast frames from nonauthorized hosts
- B. PVLANs with community ports associated to route advertisements and isolated ports for nodes
- C. PVLANs with promiscuous ports associated to route advertisements and isolated ports for nodes
- D. IPv4 ACL blocking route advertisements from nonauthorized hosts
Answer: D
Explanation:
The IPv6 Router Advertisement Guard feature provides support for allowing the network administrator to block or reject unwanted or rogue router advertisement guard messages that arrive at the network device platform. Router Advertisements are used by devices to announce themselves on the link. The IPv6 Router Advertisement Guard feature analyzes these router advertisements and filters out router advertisements that are sent by unauthorized devices.
Certain switch platforms can already implement some level of rogue RA filtering by the administrator configuring Access Control Lists (ACLs) that block RA ICMP messages that might be inbound on "user" ports.
NEW QUESTION 84
Refer to the exhibits.
Phase-3 tunnels cannot be established between spoke-to-spoke in DMVPN. Which two commands are missing? (Choose two.)
- A. The ip redirect commands is missing on the hub router.
- B. The ip nhrp shortcut command is missing on the spoke routers.
- C. The ip shortcut commands is missing on the hub router.
- D. The ip nhrp command is missing on the hub router.
- E. The ip nhrp redirect command is missing on the spoke routers.
Answer: A,B
NEW QUESTION 85
What is a prerequisite for configuring BFD?
- A. To use BFD with BGP, the timers 3 9 command must first be configured in the BGP routing process.
- B. All routers in the path between two BFD endpoints must have BFD enabled.
- C. Cisco Express Forwarding must be enabled on all participating BFD endpoints.
- D. Jumbo frame support must be configured on the router that is using BFD.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Reference:
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_0s/feature/guide/fs_bfd.html#wp1043332
NEW QUESTION 86
Exhibit:
BGP is flapping after the Copp policy is applied. What are the two solutions to fix the issue?
(Choose two)
- A. Configure a three-color policer instead of two-color policer under Class COPP-CRIT1CAL-7600
- B. Configure IP CEF for CoPP policy and BGP to work
- C. Configure a higher value for CIR under the Class COPP-CRIT1CAL-7600
- D. Configure a higher value for CIR under the default class to allow more packets during peak traffic
- E. Configure BGP in the COPP-CRIT1CAL-7600 ACL
Answer: B,E
NEW QUESTION 87
Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator configured NTP on a Cisco router to get synchronized time for system and logs from a unified time source The configuration did not work as desired Which service must be enabled to resolve the issue?
- A. Enter the service timestamps log datetime localtime global command.
- B. Enter the service timestamps log datetime clock-period global command
- C. Enter the service timestamps log datetime console global command.
- D. Enter the service timestamps log datetime synchronize global command.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION 88
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