[UPDATED] Scrum PSM-II Certification Exam Questions
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NEW QUESTION # 44
Stakeholders are only allowed to meet with the Scrum Team at Sprint Review.
- A. False
- B. True
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Explanation:
Getting feedback from Stakeholders is a crucial activity in Scrum. Working with stakeholders frequently ensures the team to focus on the right things to build. Although it is required to have Stakeholders at Sprint Review, they can also engage with the Scrum Team during Product Backlog Refinement, Sprint Planning or during the Sprint if the Scrum Team requires it.
NEW QUESTION # 45
What might be a valid reason for abnormally cancelling a Sprint?
- A. When the sales department discovers features that add more value than the current work being done.
- B. When the Sprint Goal becomes obsolete.
- C. When the Development Team discovers it cannot meet their Sprint commitments.
- D. When the work becomes too difficult for the Development Team.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 46
Your Scrum Team has been working together for over a dozen Sprints. The Scrum Team consists of 10 members. Each Sprint takes four weeks. As a Scrum Master, you observe that the Developers are hardly collaborating; during the Sprint, members are primarily working on their own items. You also notice that the items on the Sprint Backlog are mostly unrelated. You suspect that the lack of a Sprint Goal might be the cause.
Although you have encouraged the use of a Sprint Goal, both the Product Owner and the Developers have concluded that they are unable to create Sprint Goals based on the wide variety of items on their Product Backlog.
What might explain why this Scrum Team is struggling to craft a Sprint Goal?
(choose all that apply)
- A. The Product Owner is not communicating the Product Goal that they want to achieve in upcoming Sprints.
- B. The Sprints are too long.
- C. The Product Owner does not have the mandate to make decisions about items on the Product Backlog nor their ordering.
- D. Scrum might not be the best framework for the work done by this team.
- E. The Scrum Team is too big.
Answer: A,B,E
Explanation:
Explanation
The possible explanations for why this Scrum Team is struggling to craft a Sprint Goal are B, D, and E.
B) The Sprints are too long. A four-week Sprint is the maximum duration allowed by the Scrum Guide, and it may not be suitable for complex and uncertain work that requires frequent feedback and adaptation. A shorter Sprint may help the Scrum Team to focus on a clear and coherent Sprint Goal that aligns with the Product Goal and delivers a valuable Increment.
D) The Product Owner is not communicating the Product Goal that they want to achieve in upcoming Sprints.
The Product Goal is a long-term objective for the Scrum Team that provides direction and purpose for their work. The Product Owner is responsible for communicating the Product Goal to the Developers and collaborating with them to create Sprint Goals that move them closer to the Product Goal. Without a clear Product Goal, the Scrum Team may lack a shared vision and end up working on unrelated items.
E) The Scrum Team is too big. The Scrum Guide recommends that the Scrum Team consists of 10 or fewer people, including the Scrum Master and the Product Owner. A larger team may have difficulties in collaborating effectively, self-organizing, and creating a meaningful Sprint Goal that reflects the collective commitment of the Developers. A smaller team may improve the communication, coordination, and cohesion among the Developers and help them to create and achieve a Sprint Goal.
References:
The Scrum Guide, section 2.3 (The Scrum Team), page 7
The Scrum Guide, section 3.1 (The Sprint), page 8
The Scrum Guide, section 3.3 (The Sprint Goal), page 9
The Scrum Guide, section 4.1 (The Product Backlog), page 11
The Scrum Master Learning Path, module 2 (The Scrum Framework), lesson 2 (The Sprint) and lesson 3 (The Sprint Goal)
NEW QUESTION # 47
At the fifth Sprint Retrospective, the Product Owner mentions that he is surprised about the amount of technical debt that has built up in the system and that the product is not able to support an adequate number of users.
Peter, the Product Owner, is upset that the product will need several more Sprints to address the scalability issues in order to meet his expectations.
What factors may have led to this?
- A. The Development Team and the Product Owner are not having conversations around technical debt.
- B. The Scrum Master has not ensured that the Scrum Team is transparent.
- C. The Development Team has not been paying enough attention to technical quality.
- D. All of the above.
- E. The Scrum Team has not used the past Sprint Retrospectives effectively to inspect and adapt.
- F. None of the above.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Each component within the Scrum framework serves a specific purpose and is essential to Scrum's success and usage. Scrum's roles, events, artifacts, and rules are immutable and although implementing only parts of Scrum is possible, the result is not Scrum.
NEW QUESTION # 48
Which four of the following risks to product development are addressed by Scrum?
(choose the best four answers)
- A. The stability and complexity of the technology.
- B. The clear definitions of stages and gateways in the overall governance model.
- C. The complexity and unpredictability of the requirements.
- D. The definition of incentive and bonus strategies by Human Resources for all team members.
- E. The skills and working relationships of the people on the teams.
- F. The timescale of the planned work.
Answer: A,C,E,F
Explanation:
Explanation
Scrum is a framework for addressing complex adaptive problems, such as product development, that require empirical process control and frequent inspection and adaptation. Scrum helps to mitigate the risks of:
The timescale of the planned work (A), by delivering potentially releasable increments of value at the end of each Sprint, which is a fixed time-box of one month or less.
The stability and complexity of the technology (B), by allowing the Development Team to self-organize and choose the best way to create a "Done" increment that meets the Definition of Done.
The complexity and unpredictability of the requirements, by enabling the Product Owner to manage the Product Backlog, which is an ordered list of what is needed in the product and can change as more is learned about the product, users, market, and technology.
The skills and working relationships of the people on the teams (D), by fostering a culture of collaboration, transparency, and accountability among the Scrum Team members and stakeholders.
References: : [Scrum Guide], Introduction : [Scrum Guide], The Sprint : [Scrum Guide], The Development Team : [Scrum Guide], The Product Backlog : [Scrum Guide], Scrum Values
NEW QUESTION # 49
The Development Team can cancel the Sprint:
- A. It can't. Only Product Owners can cancel Sprints.
- B. When the Sprint Backlog is determined to be unachievable.
- C. When too many impediments occur.
- D. When the availability of the Product Owner is less than expected.
- E. When the requirements for the work to be done become unclear or not understood.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 50
A multi-national company is using Scrum for product development of their five major products.
What alternatives should the company consider to decide how many Product Owners are needed for these five products?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. There is one Product Owner for each product (five in total). Each Product Owner may delegate to others for specific value, capabilities, and functionality within their product. The five Product Owners share and align work via Product Backlog.
- B. There is one Product Owner responsible for all five products. This person may delegate work to others for specific value, capabilities, and functionality within each product to scale their accountability.
- C. There is one Product Owner for all five products. This person may not delegate work to others for specific value, capabilities, and functionality, given these are all the Product Owner's individual responsibility.
- D. There are as many Product Owners as needed to analyze, document, and explain expectations and requirements with all Scrum Teams.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Explanation
A: There is one Product Owner for each product (five in total). Each Product Owner may delegate to others for specific value, capabilities, and functionality within their product. The five Product Owners share and align work via Product Backlog. This is a reasonable alternative, as it allows each Product Owner to focus on one product and its vision, value proposition, and stakeholder needs. The Product Owner can also leverage the expertise and input of other people who can help with the product development, such as business analysts, domain experts, or user representatives. The five Product Owners can coordinate and collaborate with each other through the Product Backlog, which is a single source of truth for the product requirements and priorities.
D: There is one Product Owner responsible for all five products. This person may delegate work to others for specific value, capabilities, and functionality within each product to scale their accountability.
This is another reasonable alternative, as it allows one Product Owner to have a holistic view of the five products and their interdependencies, synergies, and trade-offs. The Product Owner can also delegate some of the work to other people who can act as proxies or representatives for the different aspects of the products, such as features, modules, or components. The Product Owner can still maintain the ultimate authority and responsibility for the Product Backlog and the product value delivery.
References:
Scrum Guide 2020, page 7: "The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team." Scrum Guide 2020, page 8: "The Product Backlog is an emergent, ordered list of what is needed to improve the product. It is the single source of work undertaken by the Scrum Team." Professional Scrum Master II Course, page 22: "The Product Owner may delegate some of their work to others who can help them with the product development, such as business analysts, domain experts, or user representatives. However, the Product Owner remains accountable for the Product Backlog and its content." Professional Scrum Master II Course, page 23: "The Product Owner may scale their role by working with other Product Owners who are responsible for different products, features, modules, or components. However, there should be only one Product Owner per product who has the final say on the product vision and value proposition."
NEW QUESTION # 51
A Scrum Team consists of Developers working from globally distributed locations. Organizing the Scrum events requires conferencing tools that are not easily available within the organization. The Developers propose doing a Daily Scrum only on Tuesdays. Which are the most appropriate responses for their Scrum Master?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. Have the Developers vote to make sure there is consensus within the team
- B. Help the Developers understand that lowering the frequency of communication will only increase the feeling of disconnect between the team members.
- C. Acknowledge and support this self-managing team's decision
- D. Coach the Developers on why a daily frequency is important as an opportunity to update the Sprint Plan and how it helps the team organize work toward achieving the Sprint Goal.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Explanation
The Daily Scrum is a 15-minute event for the Developers of the Scrum Team to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the Sprint Backlog as necessary, adjusting the upcoming planned work1. It is one of the five events of the Scrum framework and enables the three pillars of the empirical process of Scrum:
transparency, inspection, and adaptation2. The Daily Scrum is not a status meeting, but a chance for the Developers to collaborate, coordinate, and plan their work3.
As a Scrum Master, you could help the Developers understand that lowering the frequency of communication will only increase the feeling of disconnect between the team members, especially when they are working from globally distributed locations. You could also coach the Developers on why a daily frequency is important as an opportunity to update the Sprint Plan and how it helps the team organize work toward achieving the Sprint Goal. You could suggest alternative conferencing tools or methods that are easily available and effective for the team. You could also facilitate the Daily Scrum by ensuring that it is positive, productive, and focused on the Sprint Goal.
Acknowledging and supporting this self-managing team's decision might seem like a good option, but it would not help the team to improve their collaboration and alignment. Having the Developers vote to make sure there is consensus within the team might also seem like a democratic way to handle the situation, but it would not address the underlying issue of why the team wants to reduce the frequency of the Daily Scrum.
References:
The Scrum Guide 2020, section "The Daily Scrum"
What Is the Daily Scrum?, A Guide to the Daily Event - Scrum Alliance
The Importance of Daily Scrum Meetings | Grata Software
NEW QUESTION # 52
Steven is a Scrum Master asked to assist in creating five new Scrum Teams that will be working to build a highly anticipated product. He talks with them about the importance of being able to integrate their Increments by the end of their Sprints. This includes the first Sprints. The product is very important to both the end users and the organization.
Of the choices raised by future team members, what would Steven encourage?
- A. Each Scrum Team delivers Increments in its own code branch. After UAT is performed at the Sprint Review, the code branch is isolated until enough Increments are considered acceptable. All code branches will then be merged during the release phase.
- B. Each Scrum Team delivers functionality at the end of each Sprint. New Product Backlog items will then be added to the next Sprint Backlog to integrate their functionality with the other teams to create a unified Increment.
- C. Wait until enough of the infrastructure and architecture is in place before starting the first Sprints. This will increase the success of delivering integrated Increments in Sprint 1.
- D. All Scrum Teams agree on a mutual understanding of 'done' that defines all work necessary to deliver a potentially shippable Increment that includes all previous Increments delivered for the product.
Answer: D
Explanation:
When a Product Backlog item or an Increment is described as "Done", everyone must understand what "Done" means. If there are multiple Scrum Teams working on the system or product release, the Development Teams on all the Scrum Teams must mutually define the definition of "Done" to have a shared understanding of what it means for work to be complete, to ensure transparency. Each Increment is additive to all prior Increments and thoroughly tested, ensuring that all Increments work together.
NEW QUESTION # 53
You are a Scrum Master employed by the IT department. The IT manager considers adopting Scrum tor a new project He wonders however, what the value is in having all team members attend this meeting called "Daily Scrum" every day. The organization already has its employees attending so many mandatory meetings.
What are two outcomes of the Daily Scrum you inform him about, to express the importance of the Daily Scrum?
(choose the best two answers)
- A. Through the snort, daily alignment of the Daily Scrum the Developers build and improve a shared understanding of the most important work to be undertaken in the next 24 hours, to achieve the best possible progress toward the Sprint Goal. This daily opportunity to inspect and adapt Will enable the Developers to tackle any unforeseen circumstances that might otherwise disrupt the team's progress.
- B. The Daily Scrum serves tor the Developers to report to you, as a Scrum Master, all updates on the tasks to the Sprint, as registered in the Sprint Backlog. You can then use the team's updates to plan their work tor the next day, making sure that every team member is assigned the right tasks.
- C. During the Daily Scrum the Developers will bring up problems that are hindering their progress, and tor which they nave no means to resolve, this provides an opportunity to resolve those impediments.
- D. The Developers will produce a status report indicating what each individual has done the past working day, and now much time that has taken. The accumulated reports will support discussing how the Sprint went at the Sprint Review meeting. It will provide detailed insights into the accuracy of estimates versus actual time spent, which can be used to create better estimates at the subsequent Sprint Planning meeting.
- E. During the Daily Scrum, the Developers need to update the Scrum board with their current status and progress, at a task level. This is crucial to ensure that the IT manager can go up to the room at any time and view the team's actual progress.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Explanation
The Daily Scrum is a 15-minute event for the Developers of the Scrum Team to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the Sprint Backlog as necessary, adjusting the upcoming planned work. The Daily Scrum is not a status meeting, but a way for the Developers to collaborate and self-organize around the most important work for the next 24 hours. The Daily Scrum also provides an opportunity for the Developers to identify and communicate any impediments that are hindering their progress, and request help from the Scrum Master or other team members to resolve them.
References:
What is a Daily Scrum?| Scrum.org
What Is the Daily Scrum?| A Guide to the Daily Event - Scrum Alliance
NEW QUESTION # 54
Steven is a Scrum Master for three different teams building a single product from the same Product Backlog. Development Team members from each team have approached Steven complaining that their teams need Nicole, an external specialist, to commit full time for their next Sprint.
Which three acceptable solutions would Steven consider? (Choose three.)
- A. For Sprints that require Nicole's expertise for more than one team, combine the teams into one and separate when they no longer need to share her services.
- B. Investigate whether applying additional techniques or frameworks for scaling Scrum would be appropriate for this product team in the future, since you have multiple Scrum Teams working on the same product, with dependencies between the teams.
- C. Create a team with Nicole and people from the teams to temporarily work in Nicole's domain to serve the existing teams.
- D. People from the Development Teams with an interest in Nicole's domain could volunteer to take on this work in their respective teams.
- E. Ask Nicole for a plan to hire and train additional people in her domain, and in the meantime work with the Product Owner and Development Teams to re-prioritize the work so that tasks not depending on Nicole can be done first.
- F. Have the Development Team re-order the Product Backlog so Nicole can serve one team full-time in a Sprint.
Answer: B,D,F
Explanation:
The Scrum Master is responsible for removing impediments within the current context of the situation AND boundaries defined by the Scrum framework.
NEW QUESTION # 55
In what two ways is velocity and technical debt related? (Choose two.)
- A. They are not related because technical debt is non-functional and velocity is calculated based on end user functionality.
- B. A Development Team can artificially increase velocity by allowing technical debt to be incurred.
- C. Adding estimates to technical debt will allow the Development Team to maintain constant velocity therefore ensuring predictability.
- D. As the Development Team is working on new Product Backlog items, they may unexpectedly run into technical debt that will result the team's velocity dropping.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Technical debt is a natural occurrence when developing complex products. It is a concept in software development that reflects the implied cost of additional rework caused by choosing an easy solution now instead of using a better approach that would take longer. And how it is managed will depend on the team AND context of the situation.
NEW QUESTION # 56
Part of the team's Definition of "Done" requires creating or updating technical documentation in order to maintain the product and/or features in the future. The team's technical writer will be on vacation during the Sprint.
What should you do?
- A. Wait until the technical writer returns before continuing with related items.
- B. The Development Team members will write it as they are still responsible for creating the documentation to make the Increment done in conformance with their Definition of "Done."
- C. Encourage the technical writers from other teams to form a specialized team to organize and plan the work for multiple teams.
- D. Complete all development work first while adding technical documentation to the Product Backlog to be done in a subsequent Sprint.
Answer: B
Explanation:
All Product Backlog items selected for the Sprint are owned by the Development Team as a whole. Although individual members may work on specific tasks, the Development Team is still accountable for doing the work to deliver a shippable Increment.
NEW QUESTION # 57
A Development Team has a total of six members, 4 members who work full time in the office and 2 members who work part time at home. The Development Team is complaining that it is too difficult to synchronize every day and has suggested having the Daily Scrum every other day instead.
What would be three key concerns if the Daily Scrum is held less frequently? (Choose three.)
- A. The Product Owner cannot accurately inspect utilization of the individual team members.
- B. The Scrum Master loses the ability to update the burndown chart adequately.
- C. Less information about the progress will be shared causing the Sprint plan to become inaccurate and reducing transparency over progress toward the Sprint Goal.
- D. Impediments are raised and resolved more slowly.
- E. Opportunities to inspect and adapt the Sprint Backlog are reduced.
Answer: C,D,E
Explanation:
The Daily Scrum is an internal meeting for the Development Team to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and to inspect how progress is trending toward completing the work in the Sprint Backlog. The Daily Scrum optimizes the probability that the Development Team will meet the Sprint Goal. Every day, the Development Team should understand how it intends to work together as a self-organizing team to accomplish the Sprint Goal and create the anticipated Increment by the end of the Sprint.
Reducing the frequency of the event will increase the length of the feedback loop and adds risk if the team deviates too far off course.
NEW QUESTION # 58
A Scrum Master is keeping a list of open impediments, but it is growing and he/she has been able to resolve only a small portion of the impediments.
Which would be the LEAST helpful technique in this situation?
- A. Alerting management to the impediments and their impact.
- B. Prioritizing the list and working on them in order.
- C. Consulting with the Development Team
- D. Arranging a triage meeting with all project managers.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Scrum does not have project managers and arranging a triage meeting would not help accelerate the removal of impediments.
NEW QUESTION # 59
Who determines how to do the work during the Sprint?
- A. The Scrum Master.
- B. The Technical Architects.
- C. The Development Team.
- D. The engineering director.
- E. The Team Leads.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
NEW QUESTION # 60
A Scrum Team is struggling over the fact that not all Developers work full time and that other Developers regularly work from home. To solve the difficulties in aligning daily, at the Sprint Retrospective two Developers suggest having the Daily Scrum every three days, when everyone is in the office.
What would be three key concerns if the frequency of the Daily Scrum were to be lowered?
(choose the best three answers)
- A. Impediments are raised and resolved more slowly which might impact
productivity and progress. - B. Less progress information will be shared, causing the plan for the Sprint to become inaccurate and transparency over progress toward the Sprint Goal is reduced.
- C. The Product Owner cannot accurately report progress about the state of the forecasted work to the stakeholders.
- D. Opportunities to inspect and adapt the Sprint Backlog are reduced. Re-aligning is bound to become even more difficult.
- E. The Scrum Master loses the ability to update the Gantt chart properly, there by obscuring the Scrum Master's tracking of Sprint progress.
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation:
Explanation
A: Opportunities to inspect and adapt the Sprint Backlog are reduced. Re-aligning is bound to become even more difficult. This is a valid concern, as the Daily Scrum is an event where the Developers can inspect the progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the Sprint Backlog accordingly. If the Daily Scrum is held less frequently, the Developers may miss some opportunities to adjust their plan and collaborate effectively.
C: Less progress information will be shared, causing the plan for the Sprint to become inaccurate and transparency over progress toward the Sprint Goal is reduced. This is a valid concern, as the Daily Scrum is an event where the Developers can share their work status, challenges, and dependencies with each other. If the Daily Scrum is held less frequently, the Developers may have less visibility and awareness of what is going on in the Sprint, and may face more surprises or risks.
D: Impediments are raised and resolved more slowly which might impact productivity and progress.
This is a valid concern, as the Daily Scrum is an event where the Developers can identify and communicate any impediments or issues that hinder their work. If the Daily Scrum is held less frequently, the Developers may have to wait longer to get help or support from their peers or the Scrum Master, and may lose some momentum or efficiency.
References:
Scrum Guide 2020, page 11: "The purpose of the Daily Scrum is to inspect progress toward the Sprint Goal and adapt the Sprint Backlog as necessary, adjusting the upcoming planned work." Scrum Guide 2020, page 12: "The Developers can select whatever structure and techniques they want, as long as their Daily Scrum focuses on progress toward the Sprint Goal and produces an actionable plan for the next day of work." Professional Scrum Master II Course, page 14: "The Daily Scrum is a key opportunity for inspection and adaptation at the team level. It helps the team to synchronize their work, identify impediments, and collaborate on solutions."
NEW QUESTION # 61
An organization is using Scrum to build five new products.
What would be the best two options for the number of Product Owners the organization should have? (Choose two.)
- A. There is one Product Owner for each product (so five in total). Each Product Owner may delegate, share and align work within their individual Product Backlog.
- B. Enough Product Owners to delegate as much work needed to maximize utilization of all Development Team members.
- C. There is one Product Owner responsible for all five products. In order to scale his/her role, he/she can delegate some of the individual Product Owner responsibilities to others within each product but would still remain accountable for the value of the work produced.
- D. There is one Product Owner responsible for all five products. This person is not allowed to delegate any of the Product Owner responsibilities as he/she is accountable for the success of each product.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
The Product Owner is the sole person responsible for maximizing the value of the product through the ordering and management of the Product Backlog. This reduces complexity in communication and understanding who to go to when there are Question:s about the product. The Product Owner may delegate his/her responsibilities but still remains accountable for the outcome of those responsibilities.
NEW QUESTION # 62
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